(一)、国家所蒙受的耻辱。
《礼记·哀公问》:“物耻足以振之,国耻足以兴之。”《后汉书·刘虞传》:“今天下崩乱,主上蒙尘,吾被重恩,未能清雪国耻。诸君各据州郡,宜共勠力,尽心王室。” 唐 白居易 《让绢状》:“未报父讎,未雪国耻。” 清 黄遵宪 《大狱》诗之一:“国耻诚难雪,何讎到匹夫。”
因外国的侵略及国内的软弱或腐败而使国家蒙受的耻辱。
national humiliation, refers to Japanese incursions into China in the 1930s and 40s, and more especially to Mukden railway incident of 18th September 1931 九一八事变 and subsequent Japanese annexation of Manchuria